Quantum Computing and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Morning

Today we slept in! At the very generous time of 07:45 the alarms went off. At 08:45 we gathered at the cars to head for ISI, the Information Sciences Institute. This is the computer science department of the University of Southern California. In particular, we went to a location that looked like an abandoned shop in the neighborhood Marine del Rey. Inside this glorified garage, a balding electrical engineer awaited us. This rambling tour guide was going to show us around the D-Wave.

The D-Wave is a mythical machine that is supposed to be a precursor of what some day will be a so called quantum computer. Imagine a computer that, instead of having to do every computation one after another, can handle multiple computations as a single one. It is clear that such a computer would be way more powerful and quicker than a 'classical' computer. This is something that a quantum computer can do.

Teun and me, casually leaning against a quantum computer.

Now, this machine, the D-Wave, is truly mythical. In the sense that its existence has not yet been proven to us. For one, it was enclosed in a large black box, of which the door could not be opened because 'someone tripped over the doorstep' the last time it was. Also, when we started asking critical questions about its workings, it soon became clear that no-one really seemed to understand any of its workings. Basically, the engineers built something of which they:

1. did not understand how it works;
2. were not sure if it even works at all.

This is quite amazing since a machine like this is a huge investment, and this particular one is even payed for by Lockheed Martin. Needless to say we left a bit disappointed; non of our questions had been answered to our satisfaction.


Afternoon

After this unclarifying morning, we went for lunch. For Jeremy, Danielle, Roeland, Daan, some people I am forgetting and myself it was Chipotle this time. It turns out that Chipotle gives you huge burritos, which - if you leave out sauce and meat - do not even feel like they are bad for you. In an unexpected twist of events, Jeremy got his meal for free, and a bit extra too!

Manu again found the traditional motorized shopping cart on the parking lot, as you can see in this image.

Manu in his cart.

After lunch we gathered at the cars again and started our journey to Pasadena. Here, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, JPL, is located. Behind this awesome sounding name, an even more awesome company resides. JPL started out in the 30's with a professor and a few students, 'the Suicide Squad', blowing up rockets in the backyard of CalTech. It soon was decided that such practices are better done at a more remote area, and they moved to the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains, the same location where we stumbled upon them.

Nowadays, JPL mostly works for NASA. They are specialized in building unmanned spacecraft. In practice this means that they build every cool mission that NASA does which does not need astronauts. Prime examples are the Mars rovers Spirit, Opportunity and Curiosity, and the bizarrely successful exoplanet space telescope Kepler.

We were shown around the JPL campus a bit, starting with a general talk about JPL. After this, we were shown the little JPL museum where they had models of the craft they built, and the classic over-the-top-so-American videos about Curiosity and a satellite called Cassini. The latter of which they are going to crash into Saturn for some reason. Next, we went to the Center of the Universe. This is really just the command center of JPL. Which is still quite cool actually. From there they monitor every operational satellite and rover they have ever launched into space. For dessert we were shown the place where they are building parts for the next planned Mars rover mission, temporarily called Mars 2020.

The Center of the Universe.

Evening

After all those marvels of space engineering, it was decided by a group of people that is only known by the name of  'The Drivers' that we should go to Santa Monica Pier. It was about 50 degrees C in the shadow when we left, and the sun was crisping up our skin, so we were hoping on swimming a bit and looking at topless dudes at Muscle Beach. Super anticlimactically, when we stepped out of the car in Santa Monica, clouds had appeared out of nothing, and the temperature had dropped by at least 30 degrees. This meant no swimming, no topless dudes and a really boring pier. However, I did not mind. I bought a Hot Dog on a Stick. It was amazing.

Then, more food happened! With a small group of six people, Ester, Marijn, Jeremy, Daan and Daniëlle, I went to Hollywood. Because Jeremy couldn't shut up about Johnny Rockets, we went to Johnny Rockets. Pricey but very nicey! We looked around at Hollywood Boulevard for a bit more, looking at the stars of all the famous people, looking for restrooms, and I may or may not have bought a gift for my little sister. (You will have to find out next time you're in the Netherlands..)

All in all, it was a nice, disappointing, nice again, fun, great, disappointing again, greater and greatest day, in that order.

Bram

Irvine

An early LA morning at 07:30, we took off for a one hour drive to Irvine. We were heading for the University of California that is located there (UCI). Arriving around 08:30, we were early. I don’t know what most of our group did, but I for sure took this time to get me some well-deserved coffee at the local Starbucks. This morning started off well. We had some talks about their solid state physics department, specifically their scanning tunneling microscope (STM). A Dutch man (een Groninger) that worked there told us they attached a carbon-mono-oxide to their STM, using it’s spin interactions to get a great 2D view of the bonds of a molecule. It seemed to work quite well, which was really cool! He also talked about their Ig. Nobel price; deboiling an egg (yes really, look it up!). It apparently works for many kinds of proteins, so it’s a truly useful technique. After the talks, we got split in two groups and got to see some of their equipment.

After we were done, it was time for lunch at the campus.

The groups split up in the afternoon. Most went straight to the beach, but not my group. We went back home for a nice siesta. It wasn’t until 17:00 that we headed to the Santa Monica beach. Have you ever played GTA 5? If you know the beach with the pier that has as huge Ferris wheel, this was that beach. It was warm, not crowded, and huge waves. It was amazing. Once too many people had enough of the beach we left again and headed home. On the way we stopped and grabbed a burger at Johnny Rockets. It’s better than McDonalds, but it’s still fast-food. Finally, the night came to an end playing poker. That Olivér Boersma is one lucky guy… I lost many pennies that night.

Marlon van Berkum

Our first day in LA

Today was our first day in LA. We first went to visit Caltech. Afterward we split in two groups: one went shopping and the other visited the mount Wilson and Hollywood.
During the whole day the sun was very bright and it was very hot. We also had to travel by car because LA is very big.
The most notable property of Caltech is that it is a fancy private university. The university is mainly sponsored by donations from rich ex students, many of which are or become very rich. It is also very selective in its application process, only 8% of the students applying for an undergraduate position got one. This large budged mainly results in small classes and large research budgets.
We visited two astronomical groups. First we visited a group that creates astronomical instruments. We saw some detectors used to search for changes in the sky. Here we learned more about the practical aspects of astronomical research. Afterward we went over to the second group, where we visited a (working) scale model of LIGO (the gravitational wave detector). This scale model was used to test potential changes to LIGO. This is done because the costs when accidentally damaging LIGO is very high.
At the mount Wilson the view was very nice, because the mountain was so high it looked like we viewed the city from an airplane. When we were at the top we met an old man who had walked there. Because he couldn't get an Uber back (there was no cell reception) he drove with us. There he told us the reason there are so meany homeless people in San Francisco: many homeless people from all over the US come to San Francisco. This is both because it doesn't freeze in the winter and because the city has good programs to support homeless people.

Marijn Man

The last hurdle

After eleven engrossing days, our studytrip has come to its final chapter: Los Angeles. We have exchanged the touristic, sunny and especially relaxing Monterey for the City of Angels.
The morning started off with finally the first free (Dutch roots) breakfast of our studytrip, including the well-known fat American version of the crepe. Some of us, the early birds, took their chance to run in the Californian paradise in the morning, whereas others choose to relax and enjoy Sjors' piano skills as well as the Tom and Jerry cartoon. At 10:30 everyone gathered in the lounge to commence our trip to LA 30 minutes later.

The appointments were made and the trip was on. This time we choose to drive along the ocean instead of taking the faster way land inwards, on to the next meeting point. Because of the little amount of restaurants, the Cie decided to go to a different location a few miles further. The new location, 'the holiday park-ish' area offered some great moments for us physics students. Roeland tried to defy gravity as he was climbing on top of the climbing frame whereas Mees and Marlon experienced some heavy torques in their wrestling match. The others were enjoying themselves by enjoying the nice weathers and some tasty sandwiches.

By the time we left this meeting point, some of us still hadn't have lunch yet, so another stop was inevitable. At this stop choices had to be made: do we choose for the American 'Buffalo Wings', or do we choose for the healthy life alternative: 'Panera Breads'. Two of us decided to go for the first option which included a 50 minute waiting time and by the time we arrived at our next meeting point, the others were already gone. I blame Mees and Marlon.

Eventually we made it to the City of Angels. With the sun going down and the skyscrapers emerging from the horizon, we felt the last minutes of today's trip were coming to an end and after 20 more minutes this became a reality. We have three houses in the area of 'Inglewood'. When we arrived, the area felt a bit like the hood for us, but when we came into the houses, it felt like a fortress. The host gave us a tour through all houses and the rooms were divided. Some of us went out to get some groceries whereas others went to the traditional American 'In and Out Burger'. I am waiting at this very moment for Godwin to finish his mothers speciality: pasta. After that, I make sure to go to bed soon and have enough energy for our trip to Caltech and JPL.
Thank you for reading, and enjoy your day folks!
Sten Hermanussen

Traveling to Monterey

Today it's the day of the Lord, 30th of April. Our stay in San Francisco has officially come to an end. We have to say goodbye to the dirty carpet and the unfortunate (homeless) souls that appeared to stay indefinitely in the "European Hostel". Roeland, Teun, Sjors and me also have to say goodbye to the two random French dudes in our room that have been sleeping and watching French television shows almost the entire time. I am not going to miss the shower that was robbed of its head, or the people stealing my food. However, we could definitely say we have seen a glimpse of the real SF. The atmosphere was true to the neighborhood, instead of being a touristic safe haven protected from the homeless people. The craziness of the city was definitely encapsulated by the hostel and its guests, and in a way I'm content with that. 

Although we had to gather around at 9:00, we left only at 9:45. But that was OK, today was going to be a slow day. There was a two hour drive on the schedule to Monterey, a touristic beach town on about 1/4th of the way to LA. 

After leaving the skyscrapers of SF behind us, the sea appeared rapidly through the car windows. The combination of the sea at our right and a green, hilly landscape at our left created quite a view. At a viewpoint by the roadside we stopped for a second to enjoy the view a bit more thoroughly. And if all that wasn't nice and dandy enough already, a pod of whales greeted us from a distance. This moment ties in terms of coolness with the bear we spotted in Yosemite. 

Some stomachs began to rumble, and Jeremy, our driver, decided to make a stop in Santa Cruz, most famous for the iconic boardwalk amusement park. We got a pizza and enjoyed the view (beach volleyball makes women beautiful and vice versa). We were not in a hurry, but decided to get in the car anyways in order to arrive at Monterey somewhat on time. 

At about three o' clock we arrived at our hostel. It became immediately clear that this was quite the upgrade from our previous stay. The rooms looked neat and there was also a big common room. The interior was decorated very homely. Because there was a marathon in the neighborhood, a lot of food was prepared. To our surprise we were free to get any food we liked: pasta salad, sausages, green salad and home-made brownies to top it off. We couldn't have asked for a better welcome. Sjors played on the piano in the common room, receiving great applause from us and some other guests.

There was time for a bit of studying (this is a STUDY trip after all..!), other chose to read a book or listen to some music. Around dinner time I gathered with a small group to find a place to eat. We really tried not to, but it was inevitable: we ended up at a touristic place. The live music made it quite nice however. While they played Otis Redding, we finished our burgers and beer. Although some senior women tried to make Godwin stay on the dance floor, we decided to head home to play some poker and eventually go to bed. The seagulls would lullaby me to sleep.

Manu

Saturday, free time

We had the whole day off! I got up at 10, which felt really great after all those days getting up between 6 and 7. Roeland, Manu, Sten, Danielle and I went to grab some breakfast at the All Star Café, just around the corner of our hostel. I ordered ‘the stack house’ which consisted of scrambled eggs with bacon and pancakes. Talking of pancakes: apparently, the things we call pannenkoeken in Dutch are called crepes in English; and the things we call American pancakes are called pancakes in English.

The next thing we had planned was to go to Twin Peaks. These are two neighboring hills in the geographic center of San Francisco where one would have an amazing view over the city, we had heard. But on the way we came by Amoeba Music, a well known record store, and we had a look inside. First I had a look at the classical music, but all the while nice songs were played in the store and I had already Shazam-ed like 3 songs in a row (but with no internet connection, so I got no results yet) till I decided that I really needed to know what artists and what album this was. So I went to the guy at the desk and he showed me the CD. It was Thievery Corporation – The Temple of I and I. Then I reckoned, why not buy it? So I did.

After the record store the group split up. Danielle, Sten and Manu did not feel like traveling all the way to Twin Peaks and so they went to Golden Gate Park. Roeland and I did go to Twin Peaks. After the beautiful view from up there we decided to walk back to Golden Gate Park and meet up with the other guys. At some point though, we were walking through Ashbury street, and found out that this neighborhood was actually the place where the Hippie culture has had its origin and where famous artists like Jimmy Hendrix, Janet Jackson and the Grateful Dead had lived. We went in some guitar shop and fiddled around for a bit with some guitars. Then it was time to have dinner.

We had diner with the whole group at Pork Store Cafe. I ordered a salad, which was a welcome variation on all the fast food here in America. After diner, Manu, Roeland and I grabbed some beers in the neighborhood, where some skater guy asked us if we wanted to buy his weed. We said no, of course, as it is still illegal in California to buy weed for recreational (non-medical) purposes, but he looked like a nice guy and we started a fun conversation. He told us the legal status of Marihuana. Apparently one cannot buy or sell weed, but one is allowed to give it as a gift. And it is also allowed to smoke it. So the situation is almost as weird as in the Netherlands. As of 2018 the use and trade of Marihuana will be totally legal in California.

At last, as a dedication to all the homeless people in San Francisco (and there are a lot of those), we bought some beer of the brand `Hobo Beer’ and we went back to the Hostel.

Sjors

NIF & Yosemite

On Thursday we had to gather at 7:00 before the hostel because we were heading to the National Ignition Facility (NIF) located 50 miles to the east of San Francisco.

We arrived at a gate where we encountered armed guards for the first time on our trip. This is due to the fact that the NIF is part of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory which is a federal funded research and development center. The NIF is a nuclear fusion facility that tries to achieve deuterium-tritium fusion by means of a high energy laser. It should be noted that solving the energy problem is not the only purpose of this facility. NIF is also part of the U. S stockpile stewardship program that does reliability testing and maintenance of nuclear weapons.

Fortunately the guards did not open fire but instead gave us some friendly directions to the check in point, where we would obtain our visitor passes. We arrived a bit too early so we were told to wait in the lobby, where we were shown a video that gave a short introduction about the world’s largest and highest-energy laser (it’s really great). Our tour guides were a financial manager and an electrical engineer, who both retired from the NIF. A small but noticeable shock emerged in one of the tour guides’ faces when we mentioned that we were physicists. We were split in two groups and the tour was on its way.

I cannot speak for the other group but let’s just say that the retired financial manager was not completely up to speed with (laser-) physics. It became obvious fairly early in the tour that he had rehearsed a story about all the stuff we were going to see, along with some statistics about the laser. About halfway through the tour he started apologizing for not being able to answer all the questions. This was a bit disappointing but the we were shown pretty much all of the different parts of the laser system, which was pretty neat. Unfortunatey we were not allowed to take pictures, so here is a shot of the Star Trek: Into Darkness movies, which was shot at the NIF.

Now we had the afternoon off which we took as an opportunity to visit one of America’s most treasured national parks: Yosemite Park. Since the park is massive we only drove through Yosemite Valley and got out a few times to go for small walks. The weather was beautiful and the panorama of the valley with El Capitan from the Tunnel View point was astounding.

Again we split up in two groups: one group was going to attempt to find a camping spot in the park, while the others would head back to the hostel after sunset. I was not prepared for a camping trip so decided to go home. I was not really prepared to go camping so decided to go with the group that would explore the valley. We got out after a 10 minute drive from the entrance, enjoying some refreshing mountain air on the green meadows near a tiny lake.

Our next stop was near the bottom of one of the massive cascades in the park. Since this entire area was in the shade of the mountain, we noticed a quick temperature drop as the sun was setting. It got even cooler when we got to the bottom of the cascade poured into the remnants of an ancient glacier. The water vapor arising from the water crashing on the rocks was freezing cold and meant taking photos and selfies was out of the question. This made the entire trip there useless because now it did not happen and we could not get internet points for being there.

But then to our avail we met this fellow:

An American black bear, chilling just 50 meters from the road. A nice ending to a beautiful trip through Yosemite National Park.
Roeland